OSINT, or Open-Source Intelligence, is the practice of collecting and analyzing information from publicly available sources (like social media, news, public records) to create actionable intelligence for security, law enforcement, business, or personal use, without resorting to illegal methods. It transforms vast amounts of scattered public data into valuable insights for threat detection, risk assessment, investigations, and proactive defense, using various digital tools to find patterns and uncover hidden information.
Key Aspects of OSINT:
- Sources: Social media, websites, forums, news, public records, company reports, satellite imagery, domain registrations, user analytics, etc..
- Purpose: Identify vulnerabilities, track threats, conduct due diligence, investigate individuals, understand risks, and provide early warnings.
- Users: Cybersecurity teams, intelligence agencies, law enforcement, journalists, businesses, and even individuals.
- Methods: Involves systematic collection, processing, and analysis, often using specialized tools for tasks like geolocation, username searching, data correlation, and metadata extraction.
- Relationship to OPSEC: It's the mirror image of Operational Security (OPSEC); security teams use OSINT to find what attackers can find about them, helping secure exposed data.
Examples of Use:
- Cybersecurity: Finding new phishing domains resembling a company's brand by monitoring underground forums.
- Law Enforcement: Gathering evidence for legal cases or identifying individuals' online footprints.
- Personal Security: Checking if your email has been in a data breach using services like Have I Been Pwned.
Common Tools & Techniques:
- Google Dorking: Using advanced search operators to find specific information.
- Username/Email Search: Tools to find profiles associated with a username or email.
- Geolocation: Using images or online data to find locations.
- Metadata Analysis: Extracting hidden info (like GPS) from photos.
- The OSINT Framework: A popular resource listing free tools and resources.